Introduction.

Introduction.

Marathi is an official language of Maharashtra State in India. To intermingle in the Maharashtrian culture it is necessary to know the Marathi thoroughly. All the alphabets in Marathi are similar to the Hindi alphabets. So it again becomes easy to learn Marathi, who know Hindi very well. I have tried to make the lessons very understandable in English language. So it will be a very easy learning process for those who know English language across the globe. Hoping you will enjoy the learning process, let us begin.
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1. Vowels And Consonants.

1. Vowels And Consonants.

There are twelve vowels in Marathi. These vowels are called as "wengen". And they are as follows :

व्यंजन [ Wengen ]

अ आ इ ई उ ऊ  ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः

Pronunciation of above vowels are as follows:

अ [ah]        आ [aah]      इ [e]       ई [ee]      उ [wu]      

ऊ [woo]       ए [a]         ऐ [ai]      ओ [o]     औ [auw]     

अं [aum]       अः [ahaa]

There are thirty-six regular consonants and two irregular consonants. All these consonants are called as mulaksharay in marathi. And they are as follows :

मुळाक्षरे  [ Mulaksharay ]

क              ख             ग              घ             ङ

च              छ             ज              झ            ञ

ट               ठ              ड              ढ             ण 

त               थ             द              ध             न

प               फ             ब              भ            म

य               र             ल              व             श

ष               स             ह              ळ            क्ष        

ज्ञ

Pronunciation of these consonants are as follows :

क [ka]        ख [kha]         ग [ga]        घ [gha]       ङ [na] 

च [cha]       छ [chhah]       ज [ja]         झ [jha]       ञ [na] 

ट [ta]          ठ [thhah]         ड [da]        ढ [dhah]     ण [na]  

त [ta]         थ [thhah]        द [da]        ध [dhah]     न [na] 

प [pa]         फ [pha]         ब [ba]         भ [bhah]     म [ma] 

य [ya]         र [ra]            ल [la]         व [va]         श [sha]

ष [sha]       स [sa]            ह [ha]        ळ [la]          क्ष [ksha] 

ज्ञ [dnya] 

Two irregular consonants are as follows :
त्र    श्र

Pronunciation of these consonants are as follows :
त्र [tra]     श्र [shra] 

2. Formation Of Barakhadi And Barakhadi Of Consonants.

2. Formation Of Barakhadi And Barakhadi Of Consonants.

Formation of Barakhadi : Barakhadi is nothing but the modified form of consonant into twelve different forms, imparting each form, a unique pronuncaition to produce a twelve consonant sub-group from main group of thirty six regular consonants and two special consonants. You may easily learn the process of formation of barakhadi by observing the formation pattern in following table: 

Formation of Barakhadi of the consonants:

क +   ा  =  का ( ा  this sign is called as "kana" and pronounced as "kaa" ) क +   ि  =  कि ( ि this sign is called as " paheeli waylanti" and pronounced as "key"  ) क +   ी  =  की ( ी this sign is called as "dusari waylanti" and pronounced as keey" ) क+    ु =  कु ( ु  this sign is called as "paheela ukaar" and prounced as "ku" ) क +   ू  =  कू ( ू  this sign is called as "dusara ukaar" and pronounced as "koo" ) क +   े  =  के  ( े this sign is called as " ayk matra" and prounced as "kay"  ) क +    ै  =  कै  ( ै  this sign is called as " doun matra" and pronounced as "kai" ) क +   ो  =  को ( ो  this sign is called as "kana ayk matra" and pronounced as "ko" ) क +   ौ  =  कौ ( ौ this sign is called as "kana doun matra" and pronounced as " kau" ) क +    ं  =  कं  ( ं this sign is called as "anuswar" and pronounced as "come" ) क +   ः  =  कः ( ः this sign is called as "visargh" and pronounced as "kahaa" )

And the same above procedure is repeated for all the consonants to form a barakhadi.

                                                                    

Barakhadi of the consonants :

क	का	कि	की	कु	कू	के	कै	को	कौ	कं	कः
Ka	Kaa	Key	Keey	Ku	Kuu	Kay	Kai	Ko	Kau	Kaum	kaha
ख	खा	खि	खी	खु	खू	खे	खै	खो	खौ	खं	खः
Kha	Khaa	Khee	kheee	Khu	Khuu	Khay	Khai	Kho	Khau	khaum	khaha
ग	गा	गि	गी	गु	गू	गे	गै	गो	गौ	गं	गः
Ga	Gaa	Gee	Geee	Gu	Guu	Gay	Gai	Go	Gau	Gaum	Gaha
घ	घा	घि	घी	घु	घू	घे	घै	घो	घौ	घं	घः
Gha	Gha	Ghee	Gheee	Ghu	Ghuu	Ghay	Ghai	Gho	Ghau	Ghaum	Gaha
ङ	ङा	ङि	ङी	ङु	ङू	ङे	ङै	ङो	ङौ	ङं	ङः
Na	Naa	Nee	Neee	Nu	Nuu	Nay	Nai	No	Nau	Naum	Naha
च	चा	चि	ची	चु	चू	चे	चै	चो	चौ	चं	चः
Cha	Chaa	Che	Chee	Chu	Chuu	Chey	Chai	Cho	Chou	Chaum	Chaha
छ	छा	छि	छी	छु	छू	छे	छै	छो	छौ	छं	छः
Chha	Chhaa	Chhee	chheee	Chhu	Chhuu	Chhey	Chhai	Chho	Chhou	Chhaum	chhaha
ज	जा	जि	जी	जु	जू	जे	जै	जो	जौ	जं	जः
Ja	Jaa	Jee	jeee	Ju	Juu	Jay	Jai	Jo	Jou	Jaum	Jaha
झ	झा	झि	झी	झु	झू	झे	झै	झो	झौ	झं	झ ः
Zha	Zhaa	Zhee	Zheee	Zho	Zhoo	Zay	Zai	Zho	Zhau	Zhaum	Zhaha
ञ	ञा	ञि	ञी	ञु	ञू	ञे	ञै	ञो	ञ	नं	नः
Na	Naa	Nee	Neee	Nu	Nuu	Nay	Nai	No	Nau	Naum	Naha
ट	टा	टि	टी	टु	टू	टे	टै	टो	टौ	टं	टः
Ta	Taa	Tee	Teee	To	Too	Tay	Tai	Toh	Tau	Taum	Taha
ठ	ठा	ठि	ठी	ठु	ठू	ठे	ठै	ठो	ठौ	ठं	ठः
Tha	Thaa	Thee	Theee	Thu	Thuu	Thay	Thai	Thoh	Thau	Thaum	Thaha
ड	डा	डि	डी	डु	डू	डे	डै	डो	डौ	डं	डः
Da	Daa	Dee	Deee	Du	Duu	Day	Dai	Do	Dau	Daum	Daha
ढ	ढा	ढि	ढी	ढु	ढू	ढे	ढै	ढो	ढौ	ढं	ढः
Dha	Dhaa	Dhee	Dheee	Dhu	Dhuu	Dhay	Dhai	Dho	Dhau	Dhaum	Dhaha
ण	णा	णि	णी	णु	णू	णे	णै	णो	णौ	णं	णः
Na	Naa	Nee	Neee	Nu	Nuu	Nay	Nai	No	Nau	Naum	Naha
त	ता	ति	ती	तु	तू	ते	तै	तो	तौ	तं	तः
Ta	Taa	Tee	Teee	Tu	Tuu	Tay	Tai	Toh	Tau	Taum	Taha
थ	था	थि	थी	थु	थू	थे	थै	थो	थौ	थं	थः
Tha	Thaa	Thee	Theee	Thu	Thuu	Thay	Thai	Tho	Thau	Thaum	Thaha
द	दा	दि	दी	दु	दू	दे	दै	दो	दौ	दं	दः
Da	Daa	De	Dee	Du	Duu	Day	Dai	Do	Dau	Daum	Daha
ध	धा	धि	धी	धु	धू	धे	धै	धो	धौ	धं	धः
Dha	Dhaa	Dhee	Dheee	Dhu	Dhuu	Dhay	Dhai	Dho	Dhu	Dhaum	Dhaha
न	ना	नि	नी	नु	नू	ने	नै	नो	नौ	नं	नः
Na	Naa	Nee	Neee	Nu	Nuu	Nay	Nai	No	Nau	Naum	Naha
प	पा	पि	पी	पु	पू	पे	पै	पो	पौ	पं	पः
Pa	Paa	Pee	Peee	Pu	Puu	Pay	Pai	Po	Pau	Paum	Paha
फ	फा	फि	फी	फु	फू	फे	फै	फो	फौ	फं	फः
Pha	Phaa	Phe	Pheee	Phu	Phuu	Fay	Fai	Fo	Fou	Faum	Faha
ब	बा	बि	बी	बु	बू	बे	बै	बो	बौ	बं	बः
Ba	Baa	Bee	Beee	Bu	Boo	Bay	Bai	Bo	Bou	Baum	Baha
भ	भा	भि	भी	भु	भू	भे	भै	भो	भौ	भं	भः
Bha	Bhaa	Bhee	Bheee	Bhu	Bhuu	Bhay	Bai	Bho	Bou	Bham	Bhaha
म	मा	मि	मी	मु	मू	मे	मै	मो	मौ	मं	मः
Ma	Maa	Me	Mee	Mu	Muu	May	Mai	Mo	Mau	Maum	Maha
य	या	यि	यी	यु	यू	ये	यै	यो	यौ	यं	यः
Ya	Yaa	Yee	Yeee	Yu	Yuu	Yay	Yai	Yo	Yau	Yaum	Yaha
र	रा	रि	री	रु	रू	रे	रै	रो	रौ	रं	रः
Ra	Raa	Ree	Reee	Ru	Ruu	Ray	Rai	Ro	Rau	Raum	Raha
ल	ला	लि	ली	लु	लू	ले	लै	लो	लौ	लं	लः
La	Laa	Lee	Leee	Lu	Luu	Le	Lai	Low	Lau	Laum	Lahaa
व	वा	वि	वी	वु	वू	वे	वै	वो	वौ	वं	वः
Wa	Waa	Wee	Weee	Wu	Wuu	Way	Wai	Wo	Wou	Waum	Waha
श	शा	शि	शी	शु	शू	शे	शै	शो	शौ	शं	शः
Sha	Shaa	She	Shee	Shu	Shuu	Shay	Shai	Sho	Shau	Shaum	Shaha
ष	षा	षि	षी	षु	षू	षे	षै	षो	षौ	षं	षः
Sha	Shaa	She	Shee	Shu	Shuu	Shay	Shai	Sho	Shau	Shaum	Shaha
स	सा	सि	सी	सु	सू	से	सै	सो	सौ	सं	सः
Sa	Saa	See	Seee	Su	Suu	Say	Sai	So	Sau	Saum	Saha
ह	हा	हि	ही	हु	हू	हे	है	हो	हौ	हं	हः
Ha	Haa	Hee	Heee	Hu	Huu	Hay	Hai	Ho	Hou	Haum	Haha
ळ	ळा	ळि	ळी	ळु	ळू	ळे	ळै	ळो	ळौ	ळं	ळः
La	Laa	lee	Leee	Lu	Luu	Lay	Lai	Low	Lau	Laum	Laha
क्ष	क्षा	क्षि	क्षी	क्षु	क्षू	क्षे	क्षै	क्षो	क्षौ	क्षं	क्षः
ksha	Ksha	Kshe	Kshee	Kshu	Kshuu	Kshay	Kshai	ksho	Kshau	Kshaum	kshaha
ज्ञ	जा	ज्ञि	ज्ञी	ज्ञु	ज्ञू	ज्ञे	ज्ञै	ज्ञो	ज्ञौ	ज्ञं	ज्ञः
Dnya	Dnyaa	Dnyee	Dnyeee	Dnyu	Dnyuu	Dnyay	Dnyai	Dnyo	Dnyau	Dnyaum	Dnyaha